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2012 Dhaka fire
The 2012 Dhaka fire broke out on 24 November 2012, in the Tazreen Fashion factory in the Ashulia district on the outskirts of Dhaka, Bangladesh. At least 117 people were confirmed dead in the fire, and over 200 were injured, making it the deadliest factory fire in the nation's history. The fire was initially presumed to be caused by an electrical short circuit, but Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has since suspected that the fire had been arson and an act of "sabotage" due to the occurrence of previous comparable events. This event and others similar to it have led to numerous reforms in workers' rights and safety laws in Bangladesh.
==Background==
When it opened in 2009 the Tazreen Fashion factory employed 1,630 workers and produced T-shirts, polo shirts and jackets for various companies and organizations. These included the US Marines, Dutch company C&A, the American company Walmart and Hong Kong-based company Li & Fung.〔〔 The factory is part of The Tuba group which is a major exporter of garments from Bangladesh into the U.S., Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands. Its major clients include Walmart, Carrefour and IKEA.〔
According to Tazreen Fashions' web site, the factory was flagged in May 2011 with an "orange" grade by a Walmart ethical sourcing official for "violations and/or conditions which were deemed to be high risk". The notice said that any factory receiving three "orange" grade assessments in a two year time period would not receive Walmart orders for one year.〔 The orange rating was the first the company had received,〔 and was followed by a "yellow" medium risk rating the next August, which pertained to the factory where the fire occurred.〔 On 25 November, a Walmart spokesman said he was "so far unable to confirm that Tazreen is a supplier to Walmart nor if the document referenced in the article is in fact from Walmart";〔 the company subsequently terminated its relationship with Tazreen, stating that "The Tazreen factory (Ashulia ) was not authorized to produce merchandise for Walmart. A supplier subcontracted work to this factory without authorization and in direct violation of our policies."〔 Walmart critics claim that the company knew about unsafe conditions and blocked efforts to improve them. Documents found via email show that Walmart had subcontracted multiple clothing production orders through the Tazreen factory. According to ''The New York Times'', Walmart played a significant role in blocking reforms to have retailers pay more for apparel in order to help Bangladesh factories improve their safety standards. Walmart director of ethical sourcing Sridevi Kalavakolanu asserted that the company would not agree to pay the higher cost, as such improvements in electrical and fire safety would be a "very extensive and costly modification" and that "it is not financially feasible for the brands to make such investments."〔Greenhouse, Steven (5 December 2012). (Documents Indicate Walmart Blocked Safety Push in Bangladesh ). ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 27 April 2013.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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